Developmental Milestones – Gross Motor

In medicine, “gross” means “large.” Therefore, when we discuss “gross motor” skills, we are talking about large movements of the body. These are movements that require core (central) body stabilizing muscles, and include sitting, standing, walking, and running. They are the most obvious movement functions children develop over the first several years. 

Here is a guide for developmental milestones in regards to gross motor development from birth to age 4 years. This is not to be used in place of screening tests in the Pediatrician’s office but rather to help parents know what to expect at each stage. Gross motor delays can be treated through therapy with a Physical Therapist. 

Newborn – reflexively moves areas and legs equally. Turns head to side when resting on the stomach. 

1 month – holds chin up when resting on the stomach (prone position).

2 months – lifts heads and chest up while in prone position

4 months – rolls from stomach to back. Pushes up onto elbows and wrists while in prone position. 

6 months – rolls from back to stomach. Sits briefly with support.  

9 months – sits well without support. Crawls and balances on hands and knees. Pulls self up to stand. Transitions well between sitting and lying down. 

12 months – cruises easily along furniture. starts to take first independent steps. stands independently. 

15 months – squats down to pick up objects. Climbs onto furniture. Starting to run. 

18 months – walks up stairs holding hands, two feet per step. Sits in a chair. Able to carry a toy while walking. 

24 months – kicks a ball. Jumps with 2 feet off of the ground. Runs easily. 

3 years – pedals a tricycle. Climbs on and off couch/chair. Jumps forward. 

4 years – climbs stairs with alternating feet, without holding hands. Skips. 

If you have concerns about your child not meeting these gross motor milestones, please make an appointment to see your child’s Pediatrician for further evaluation.

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